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Acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplasia
Symptoms and diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplasia
Symptoms of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes result from the blockage of blood cell production:Â
- Fatigue and shortness of breath may indicate anemia, that is, a lack of red blood cells;Â
- Fever and repeated infections can indicate leukopenia or neutropenia, i.e. a deficiency in white blood cells;Â
- Bleeding and hematomas can reveal thrombocytopenia, that is, a decrease in the number of platelets.Â
Patients suspected of having acute myeloid leukemia see a hematologist for a consultation. The doctor will talk to them and note their personal and family history and risk factors, such as previous chemotherapy or occupational exposure. A clinical examination and a blood test will also be carried out. The diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplasia will be confirmed by a myelogram. Performed under local anesthesia, this bone marrow test consists of inserting a hollow needle into a bone, usually the sternum or the pelvic bone. A small amount of marrow is then aspirated, which makes it possible to analyze the abnormal cells, their chromosomes, and their genes. The obtained results determine the choice of treatment.
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